75 year old female with Diabetic Ketosis and Hypertensive Urgency

FINAL PRACTICAL EXAMINATION- LONG CASE 

HALL TICKET NO- 1701006145

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CONSENT AND DE-IDENTIFICATION- 

The patient and the attenders have been adequately informed about this documentation and privacy of the patient is being entirely conserved. No identifiers shall be revealed through out the piece of work whatsoever. 


A 75 year old female, who is a resident of miryalguda was brought to the OPD with chief complaints of 

  • Vomiting since 1 day 
  • Giddiness since 1 day 


Patient was apparently asymptomatic 4 years back and was able to perform her regular work as an agricultural worker when she developed gradual diminision of vision (in both eyes) along with generalised weakness and headache for which she was taken to a nearby hospital and underwent bilateral cataract surgery. At the same time she was diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension for which she started regular medication ever since.  


4 days back she visited her daughters house and forgot to take her medication for Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension subsequent to which she developed giddiness and vomiting which was sudden in onset, non projectile, non bilious and non foul smelling containing food particles as content. 

Not associated with fever, abdominal pain, loose stools or rapid breathing with fruity odour. 

On taking her to hospital 1 she was found to have a GRBS of 394 mg/dl and urinary ketones was found to be positive for which she was referred to hospital 2 and admitted.

No H/O chest pain , palpitations , syncopal attacks.

No H/O shortness of breath , burning micturition



Past History 


No similar compliants in the past.

Not a known case of TB, Asthma, Epilepsy or CAD.


Surgical History 


Underwent bilateral cataract surgery 4 years back.


Personal History


Diet- mixed 

Appetite- normal 

Sleep- adequate 

Bowel and bladder- regular 

Addictions- smoked chutta for 10 years; 3 Chuttas per day; stopped 4 years back 


Family History 


Not significant 

No h/o TB, asthma, epilepsy 


GENERAL EXAMINATION 





Patient is conscious, coherent and cooperative. 

She is well oriented to time, place and person.

Moderately built and nourished.

Patient was examined in supine position in a well lighted room after taking consent.


Pallor - present 

Icterus - absent 

Cyanosis - absent 

Clubbing - absent

Lymphadenopathy - absent

Edema - absent 


Temperature - afebrile

Pulse rate - 90 beats per minute; regular rate and rhythm

All Superficial pulses- intact 

Respiratory rate - 20 cycles per minute 

Blood pressure - 230/110mmHg at the time of presentation(around 7pm)  on Day 1 

On day 2 - Blood pressure - 150/100mmHg

On day 3- Blood pressure - 180/100 mm Hg


GRBS - 394mg/dl ( at presentation) Day 1

On day 2  - 226mg/dl 

On day 3- 


SYSTEMIC EXAMINATION 


CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM EXAMINATION 


Level of consciousness- conscious/ alert

Higher mental functions- normal

Speech- Normal

Cranial nerve functions - Intact. 


Sensory system- 

                                                        R.              L

pain                                                 N.              N

Temperature                                  N.              N

Superficial touch                           N.              N

vibration                                          N.              N

Proprioception                               N.              N











Motor system  - 


                                        Right    Left    

                    Power-     UL 5/5     5/5

                                      LL 5/5     5/5 

                                     Neck   Normal 

                                     Trunk muscles  Normal  


                  Tone-     UL      Normal      Normal

                                  LL       Normal     Normal 


                 Reflexes- 

                Superficial reflexes - Intact 

                 Plantar Reflex- R- flexion L- flexion

                Deep tendon reflexes -

                                 Biceps    ++             ++

                                 Triceps  ++            ++

                                 Supinator  ++          ++

                                 Knee  ++           ++ 

                                 Ankle     ++          ++ 

               

                Gait- Normal


               Cerebellar system - intact  



GIT 


Inspection- 


Abdomen - distended 

Umbilicus - transverse slit like

Movements - all quadrants are equally                                    moving with respiration

No scars and sinuses 

No visible  peristalsis

No engorged veins.


Palpation-


No local rise in temperature and no tenderness in all quadrants 

LIVER: no hepatomegly

SPLEEN- not enlarged 

KIDNEYS - bimanually palpable kidneys 


Percussion-


no shifting dullness


Auscultation-


Bowel sounds are heard and are normal

No bruit.


Respiratory system



Inspection


No tracheal deviation 

Chest bilaterally symmetrical

Type of respiration:  thoraco abdominal.

No dilated veins,pulsations,scars, sinuses.



Palpation:

No tracheal deviation

Apex beat- 5th intercoastal space,medial to midclavicular line.

Tenderness over chestwall- absent.

Vocal fremitus- normal on both sides.


Percussion:                   


Right side and left side- resonant 


Auscultation:

 Normal Vesicular breath sounds

Bilateral Airway entry - present.


Cardiovascular system


Inspection 


no visible pulsation , no visible apex beat , no visible scars.


Palpation


all pulses felt 

apex beat felt.


Percussion

heart borders normal


Auscultation

Mitral area, tricuspid area, pulmonary area, aortic area- S1,S2 heard.



DIAGNOSIS 


Hyperglycaemia and Hypertensive Urgency     

(2⁰ to non compliance to medication)


INVESTIGATIONS 


Investigations prior to admission at hospital 2-

Urinary Ketones- Postive 

GRBS - 394 gm/dl 


Investigations on admission to Hospital 2















GRBS CHARTING- 


On day 1- at presentation- 394 mg/dl

On Day 2- 226 mg/dl

On day 3-  214 mg/dl 

On day 4- 199 mg/dl




PROVISIONAL DIAGNOSIS :

DIABETIC KETOSIS WITH HYPERTENSIVE URGENCY.

TREATMENT :

1. I.V fluids (normal saline,ringer lactate) at 100ml/hr.
2. Inj. Human act rapid insulin i.v. infusion at 6ml/hr.
3. Inj.Zofer 4mg i.v. /TID
4. Optineuron 1 ampule in 1000ml NS i.v. OD
5. Nicardia 20mg PO stat.
6. Hourly GRBS , B.P. , vitals monitoring.
7 . Strict I/O charting.











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